Ventilation Protocols for School Reopening
The Division of School Facilities (DSF) will continue to implement a comprehensive and strategic approach to ensure every building has proper ventilation that is operating as designed. Custodial staff are performing regular maintenance on all heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. HVAC systems provide heating and cooling to our administrative and school buildings. These systems will be maintained in proper working order with a focus on fresh air intake, ventilation, exhaust and filtration. All air filters are being cleaned, replaced, or modified as required and will be maintained throughout the school year. DSF will utilize filters of a higher efficiency rating, where applicable.
To promote enhanced airflow in public school buildings the New York City Department of Education (NYC DOE) partnered with city agencies across NYC (DSF/DOB/DOHMH/FDNY) and the School Construction Authority (SCA) to deploy independent engineers to perform ventilation inspections. Utilizing guidance set forth by the World Health Organizations (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)(Open external link), a citywide team of independent engineers have assessed each space, including restrooms, to determine if there is operational ventilation. The engineer teams identified specific rooms with issues and provided a path to a resolution.
Each principal has received a copy of the SCA ventilation walkthrough report which contained the complete inspection data for every room that was visited. Currently, we have 56.8 percent of bathrooms listed as in need of repairs and/or improvements to ventilation systems.
HVAC Policy
HVAC systems will be maintained in proper working order to maximize the supply of outdoor air for ventilation All school buildings are provided with ventilation by a combination of the following systems:
Supply and exhaust fans
Windows and exhaust fans
Combination of supply and exhaust fans and windows
HVAC systems - roof top units, air handling units and dedicated outside systems
These systems are installed to meet the Building Code Requirements at the time of design and construction.
Buildings that have supply and exhaust fans do not require operable windows. Windows can be used for additional air dilution and supplemental ventilation, or if the mechanical system fails.
For effective ventilation, windows will need to be open when the room is occupied. Buildings that have operable windows and exhaust fans meet the ventilation requirements. The windows must have 4% of the total square footage of the room opened when occupied. Please work with the custodial staff to ensure effective ventilation in rooms with windows.
Mechanical ventilation can be utilized with both supply and exhaust fans, or only exhaust fans and the use of windows for make-up air. When windows and exhaust fans are used, the window opening must equal 4% of the occupied floor area.
Mechanical ventilation is provided by HVAC Units that supply fresh air into inner core rooms of buildings that do not have windows. Please speak with your custodian engineer to ensure fresh air is being supplied into any inner core rooms without windows in the building if comfort levels fluctuate.
In preparation for the first day of school (FDOS), DSF has taken the following steps to ensure the systems that were installed meet the building code requirements at the time of design and construction.
If your building has rooms designed without windows:
Custodian engineers will maximize the mechanical ventilation provided by HVAC Units that supply fresh air into inner core rooms of buildings.
Custodial staff are performing regular maintenance on all HVAC systems. All air filters are being cleaned, replaced, or modified as required for FDOS and will be maintained throughout the school year. DSF will be upgrading filters to a higher efficiency rating, where applicable.
All HVAC equipment and the areas/rooms supported by these systems have been inspected by custodian engineers and will continue to be inspected daily to ensure proper operation.
Custodial staff will operate all applicable HVAC equipment and ventilate buildings two (2) hours prior to building occupancy and one (1) hour after building occupancy.
If your building is designed with windows:
Buildings that have operable windows and exhaust fans are in compliance with ventilation requirements. Windows will remain open when spaces are occupied with building exhaust systems operating. For more information regarding windows, please reach out to your custodian engineer or custodial staff in the building.
Custodial staff will operate all exhaust systems two (2) hours prior to building occupancy and one (1) hour after building occupancy.
Restroom Guidance
A restroom is deemed to have operational ventilation if air is able to flow in and out; whether by natural or mechanical means. Thus, a restroom is deemed to have operational ventilation if it has at least one of the following ventilation options:
An operational supply fan
An operational exhaust fan
An operational unit ventilator
An operational HEPA-rated air purifier
In the event the restroom ventilation is not operating, open windows, open doors, and limit the quantity in the restroom to (1) one occupant
An important approach to lowering the concentrations of indoor air pollutants or contaminants is to increase ventilation. It is ideal to leave a bathroom door open to provide optimal cross air ventilation. For privacy, most doors are equipped with vents that also bring in air and assist in reducing indoor air pollutants.
At times, increasing ventilation with all or mostly outside air may not always be possible or practical. In such cases, we adhere to the guidance set forth by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Open external link) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) which states that the effective rate of ventilation per person can also be increased by limiting the number of people present in any given space; in our case, the restrooms.
Implementation should be guided by what is feasible, practical, acceptable, and tailored to the meet the needs of each school. Therefore, if a restroom does not have at least one of the above referenced ventilation options, it will either be taken offline, used with a limited capacity or utilized for single use occupancy until such repairs can be made. It is also critically important to note, since the time of these inspections up until today, the DOE is working on an aggressive timeline and many of the repairs identified in the SCA inspection report have already been made by custodian engineers, skilled trade workers, contractors or the SCA.
Safe Restroom Practices
Measures to reduce the quantity of occupants, ensure proper ventilation, and increase the frequency of handwashing reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in restrooms. Examples of safe restroom practices include:
Limit the number of individuals permitted to use a given restroom at one time to allow for (6) six-foot safe distancing
Restrict sink use to every other station to ensure (6) six-foot safe distancing
Require regular handwashing with warm water for at least (20) twenty seconds, or with an alcohol-based sanitizer containing at least 60 percent alcohol
Require staff and students to wash hands when they are visibly soiled and after removing any personal protective equipment (PPE)
Post handwashing signs in restrooms
Ensure that if restroom ventilation (e.g. operational supply fan, operational exhaust, or unit ventilator ) are operating, the restroom door should be left open to avoid the need for occupants to touch doorknobs and handles; and
If restroom ventilation is not operating, open windows, open doors, and limit the quantity to (1) one occupant.
Ventilation When Cleaning and Disinfecting
When cleaning and disinfecting for COVID-19, ventilation is important. The Division of School Facilities (DSF) uses EPA approved anti-viral cleaning and disinfecting products (adhering to their label instructions) as this is the best way to ensure that any indoor air pollution risks are minimized while still maintaining the effectiveness of the disinfecting product.
Lastly, our custodial staff are regularly inspecting bathrooms for cleanliness, disinfecting touchpoints, and stocking restrooms with hand soap, toilet paper and paper towels at all times. At the end of each day, all restrooms will be cleaned and disinfected utilizing the above-mentioned EPA approved disinfectant(s) suited for the elimination of COVID-19.
For questions regarding HVAC, principals can reach out to their deputy director of facilities (DDF)(Open external link).